DAT imaging products (PET / SPECT tracers / sensitivity / normal reference values), DATscan analogue references, DATscan in PD findings (caudate / putamen / striatum percent reduction; UPDRS correlation), Datscan and CSF NfL effect size, Datscan progression in PD opener (Simuni 2018 #2272 PPMI 대략 인 10%/year)

DAT imaging products

		Normal reference values
PET	[11C]B-CFT — KGY (BDI)	Because of its high sensitivity to DAT and its favorable pharmacokinetic properties, (18F)FE-PE21 can be currently considered the most accurate option and has been included in the recent EANM guidelines and DNNMG procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes (15). A DAT-PET study on 20 patients with early-stage PD and age- and sex-matched healthy controls found a 79% lower DAT binding in putamen, 80% in caudate, 36% in ventral striatum, and 30% in the SN in PD patients [25].
	11CFE-PE2I, FE-PE2I, [11CF-PE2I, FE-PE2I (Halldin & Park, 2023 notes CAG, higher sensitivity than Datscan Recent
	[18F]FP-CIT/IPSm-1 (4-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-2-(3-(4-(2,5,7,trifluoroethoxyphenyl)) [Halldin] 8(2-fluoro)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane) (11C](B-CIT/M)IPSm-1 [11C](B-Cabomethoxy)-3-(2,4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-Fluoropropyl)tropane) (11C](FP-CIT/M)IPSm-1 [11C](Carbomethoxy)-3-(2,4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)tropane)
SPECT	Compared to Datscan, this has lower wash-up to advantage as nice have faster metabolism than human, and higher binding ratio. Validation: (Pittman, 2012 #1665) validated in healthy mice (N: 5-8); 1: binding-pattern of 0-8, this means signals: tracer/cerebellum, and was about this range while H&Y 1, 2, 3 patients (vs HC) suggesting tracer 0% with high-resolution; in patients, test-retest variability of 2.96 with H&Y interval.
	DATSCAN (in 1ofloxome (1FP-CIT (1-CIT) [I-iodo (1-CIT (Datscan) 2-B-Carbomethoxy-3-B-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-Fluoropropyl)nortropane), 'this is the Datscan'		(Verieve, 2013 #2017): 가 가 가 가 가 가 (occipital cortex is used as a reference region to determine nonspecific binding; age-related decline in DAT availability of 5.5 % per decade for both genders. 1 Dat signal in women (both in caudate & putamen). (Saderlund, 2013 #1740) Normal reference values were obtained using 131 of the 152 healthy controls from the European Normal Control Database of DaTscan (DNC-DAT)Database. The normal reference values for the mean ± 2 SDs The normal reference SBR: the mean ± 2 SDs (2018 paper #1670) the mean ± 2 SDs (의해 가나 가 한 0.27 0.0% 가 가) 'caudate' 0 0% (가 가 가 가 가) putamen 0 0% (가 가 가 가 가)
	어쩌면? Datscan 13 analogues? (18F)FECNFT 가 가 등. The data from Dr. Goodman suggest that the rebound concentrations of (18F)FECNFT in striatum from a 1.6% dose with specific activity of 1.1 Ci/μmol [i.e. mass dose of 0.0g] is ~0.8 nM in striatum, the activity of 0.8 nM in striatum, the activity in striatum and DAT in human DAT activity is 1140 nM/L. Postmortem studies have shown that the density of DAT in human DAT is ~50 nM/L (Little et al, 1995). If at the activity in striatum were bound to the transporter (which is an overestimate), then the occupancy would be 0.8 / 50 ~ 0.16.
[18C]B-CFT (DOPASCAN®) Europe and Japan Taiwan

DATscan in PD

		SPECT	findings	correlation
1999	Stoessl Early PD patients (l-dopa-untreated) (H&Y 1-2.5)	Caudate (contra): 58.5% of control Anterior putamen (control): 49.9% of control Posterior putamen (control): 31.8% of control	(post putamen)R% mostly strongly) Correlate with severity (UPDRS)
2004 Nutt	PD patients	Motor function (tapping speed)	(2004 Nutt) reduced to a greater extent in more severe PD-K. Residual DAT is functional
2018 EMA	correlate with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in nonclinical PD models and in humans (6) (2018 SMA's 21st 0.0%, p = 0.005). Booth TC, Am J Neuroradiol. 2018 Feb 30;(2):29-35)
(PPMI) (Simuni, PD #2273)	Early PD (N=275) (H&Y 1-2.5)	was a significant but weak correlation between MDS-UPDRS and dopamine transporter binding at baseline and years 1, 2, and 4.
(2018 Simuni, PPMI) The change in ipsilateral putamen was greater than the change in contralateral putamen at all time points, suggesting that there may be a floor effect, limiting the already reduced contralateral putamen.

Datscan and CSF NfL effect size

(2024 Js)		HC	PD	group dif	long change	more striatum	SD	HC mean	PD mean	group dif	long change
CSF NfL			14.5	2.5	0.5	5.04	0.4	1.94	0.94	1.20		0.45
PPMI	11.3
PPMI	13.1
PPMI
PPMI
csf long change	PPMI		(Tremblay, 2021 #2057)
csf cross sectional	DeNoPa		(Mollenhauer, 2020 #1254) not shown in the above table
Datscan cross sectional	PPMI	(Simuni, 2020 #2273)
Datscan long change	PPMI	(Simuni, 2018 #2272)

Datscan progression in PD

	Subjects	note
PPMI		(Simuni, 2018 #2272) change in DAT binding was greatest at year 1 when compared with years 2 and 4 (reason: DAT terminal have largely disappeared by year 4 of diagnosis) Below table: (2018 Simuni, PPMI) 대략 인 10% 씩 주네!

Uncertain Spans

location	transcription	uncertainty
Datscan and CSF NfL effect size table	numerical values	many cells partially clipped; preserved verbatim with placeholder zeros where the cell is empty.