Blood sample table tail (Suitable for RT PCR? / transcriptomics), Genomics England sample-handling guidance, Plasma / Serum / PBMC collection workflows, Lifespan / structure opener (classical monocytes emerge first from marrow)

Blood sample table (continued)

		Serum (더 pure 하네)	plasma	PBMC	Whole blood	DNA sample	RNA sample
Long term storage (continued)					They must be isolated from freshly drawn blood, but can then be cryopreserved at ultra-low temperatures in liquid nitrogen and remain viable for decades with no significant changes to viability or functionality.
Suitable for RT PCR ?					O	X (iron from hemoglobin contained in RBC may interfere with nucleic acid extraction and/or qPCR reaction)
transcriptomics			분명 가능은 한데, Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are present in human serum. It remains unclear to what extent these circulating exRNAs may reflect human physiologic and disease states.		가능함.		Eg. RNA-Seq by AMP-PD

Below from Genomics Englas (sample handing guidance v4.0)

Sample Type	Purpose	Collection Strategy	Required tubes	Blood volumes
Blood for DNA extraction	WGS & excess for storage	Required for all participants	EDTA	2 x 3-5ml*
RNA - stabilised blood (PAXgene^®)	Transcriptomics	Expected where reasonable for probands & affected relatives. Optional for all unaffected relatives.	PAXgene^® blood RNA	2.5ml
PST collected blood for Plasma	Metabolomics	Optional for all probands & affected relatives. Not required for unaffected relatives.	PST	8ml
SST collected blood for Serum	Proteomics	Optional for all probands & affected relatives. Not required for unaffected relatives.	SST	8.5ml

Plasma

Blood draw			centrifugation		Move plasma into cryovial(?)	Freeze until ready to ship	shipping
	EDTA (Purple) EDTA prevents clotting by chelating calcium, an essential component of coagulation. This is your basic hematology tube (by which I mean identifying and counting blood cells, blood typing, etc). Plasma stored from EDTA-treated blood can also be used to measure most proteins, and genetic material can easily be stored from EDTA buffy coats. Heparin: heparin is particularly known to interfere with PCR reactions.		(layered tube illustration with labels) Plasma (55% of total blood) Buffy Coat — leukocytes & platelets (<1% of total blood) Erythrocytes (45% of total blood)
	PST tube: Plasma Separator Tube, also referred to as PST™, contains lithium heparin and plasma separator gel			Blood plasma is extremly temperature-sensitive and must be shipped frozen — otherwise the protein content drops

Serum

Blood draw	SST		centrifugation		Move serum into cryovial	Freeze until ready to ship	shipping
	Serum (clot activator) tubes (color dependent on brand: BD is commonly gold but also red, Greiner is red). These tubes have silica particles, which activate clotting. Some also have a gel to separate the serum. Those without the separating gel are potentially more useful in sensitive diagnostic testing. If you're looking for a protein that isn't involved in coagulation, this is a good place to start. Serum Separator Tube, also referred to as SST™, contains a clot activator and a serum separator gel. These tubes are used to separate the blood cells from the serum. The clot activator ensures that clotting occurs within 30 minutes after collection.		(SST Tube illustration with labels) Serum PBMCs Density Gradient Fluid Gel Barrier Red Blood Cells

PBMC (and PLASMA)

Blood collection	Blood separation		PBMC isolation		Cryopreservation -80° C		shipment	Assay
Cell Preparation Tubes (CPT?)	Centrifugation		Centrifugation (multiple times)	Collect cells	Cell counting	Move to cryovials		Example
		(CPT Tube illustration with labels) Plasma & PBMCs Gel Barrier Red Blood Cells	Move mononuclear cell layer into centrifuge tube	centrifugation within 4h of blood collection	The typical yield from three 8 ml CPT Vacutainer tubes is 20-25 x10⁶ cells per subject. I		Freeze until ready to ship	WB (Fan 2020 #657): human PBMC
			Move plasma into cryovial(?)

Lifespan
- classical monocytes emerge first from marrow, after a postmitotic interval of 1.6 d, and circulate for a day.
structure

Uncertain Spans

location	transcription	uncertainty
Genomics England header	`Below from Genomics Englas (sample handing guidance v4.0)`	reads as written; `Englas` and `handing` may be source-document misspellings of `England` and `handling`; preserved verbatim.
PBMC yield cell	`The typical yield from three 8 ml CPT Vacutainer tubes is 20-25 x10⁶ cells per subject. I`	trailing `I` reads as written; could be a stray character or start of next sentence; preserved verbatim.
Lifespan / structure section	only `Lifespan`, `classical monocytes emerge first from marrow, after a postmitotic interval of 1.6 d, and circulate for a day.`, and `structure` are visible	section is clipped at the bottom edge of the photo.