RGC, Retinal PK, Short ciliary nerves, Antiepileptic drugs / retinal layers, RGC table, Study plan

RGC

• a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye.
• It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells.
• 이 CELL의 axon이 optic n형성함. (= 이 일부 optic n의 cell body가 RGC이군)
• red light-induced CRs (R-CR

Retinal PK

• (Toda, 2011 #911) largely, drug concentration in cerebrum & retina are comparable, (Retinal concentration is four times higher than in cerebrum), because BRB is a little more permeable than BBB. 따라서 optic n통해 thalamamus로부터 이동해오는 약들은 systemic circulation으로부터 BRB통과해 건너오는 것보다 적으므로 고려할 필요 없겠다!, Brain uptake index (BUI), retinal uptake index (RUI),

Figure 3. Plot of log RUI versus log BUI for the 13 compounds tested (passive diffusion; Table 1) and three compounds (active transport; Table 1). Each symbol represents the mean +/- SD of three to seven experiments.

Short ciliary nerves

The short ciliary nerve contains parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers. The parasympathetics arise from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and synapse in the ciliary ganglion via the oculomotor nerve, the postganglionic parasympathetics leave the ciliary ganglion in the short ciliary nerve and supply the ciliary body and iris. Js: 이 n에도 ciliary ganglion 이후 part 에 cell body 없나보다.

ADL: activity of daily living (ADL)

Ciliary-ganglion diagram labels: Iris sphincter, Short ciliary nerve, Ciliary ganglion, 3rd cranial nerve, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, Brachium of the superior colliculus, Midbrain.

The effect of antiepileptic drugs on visual performance

Retinal cross-section figure labels (top to bottom):

• Pigment epithelium layer
• Photoreceptor layer
  • Rod
  • Cone
• External limiting membrane
• Outer nuclear layer
• Outer plexiform layer
  • Horizontal cell
• Bipolar neuron
• Inner nuclear layer
• Inner plexiform layer
  • Amacrine cell
• Ganglion cell layer
  • Ganglion cell
• Nerve fibre layer
• Internal limiting membrane
• (radial) Muller cell

Pathways of the light reaction figure labels: Light, To iris (direct reaction), To iris (consensual reaction), Key, Blue-Sensory, Red-Motor, Oculomotor nerve, Optic nerve, Optic tract, To visual cortex, PATHWAYS OF THE LIGHT REACTION.

Rod / cone schematic figure labels: Pigment epithelium, Melanin granules, Connecting stalks, Rods, Nuclei, Discs, Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, Cone, Bipolar cell, Ganglion cell, LIGHT, Choroid, Pigment epithelium, Rods and cones, Bipolar cells, Ganglion cells, Optic nerve axons.

Müller glial cell and retinal layers

Müller-glial-cell columnar-unit photomicrograph labels: CH, RPE, OS, IS, ONL, OPL, INL, IPL, GCL, NFL, rod, cone, microglial cell, Muller glial cell and columnar unit.

Retinal Layers

Abbr.	Name
ILM	Internal Limiting Membrane
RNFL	Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer
GCL	Ganglion Cell Layer
IPL	Inner Plexiform Layer
INL	Inner Nuclear Layer
OPL	Outer Plexiform Layer
ONL	Outer Nuclear Layer
ELM	External Limiting Membrane
PR	Photoreceptor Layers
RPE	Retinal Pigment Epithelium
BM	Bruch's Membrane
CC	Choriocapillaris
CS	Choroidal Stroma

위 그림에서 light 진입부 쪽이 inner retina (RGC포함하고 external limiting membrane까지) vs OUTER RETINA 는 PHOtorecepters (rods & cones)부터 choroid 까지.

RGC table

Photoreceptor cells	Bipolar cells	RGC (Retinal ganglion cells)
Rods, Cones		It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and retina amacrine cells. Retina amacrine cells, particularly narrow field cells, are important for creating functional subunits within the ganglion cell layer and making it so that ganglion cells can observe a small dot moving a small distance.[1] Retinal ganglion cells collectively transmit image-forming and non-image forming visual information from the retina in the form of action potential to several regions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon, or midbrain.
		having a long axon that extends into the brain. These axons form the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract.
		A small percentage of retinal ganglion cells contribute little or nothing to vision, but are themselves photosensitive; their axons form the retinohypothalamic tract and contribute to circadian rhythms and pupillary light reflex,
		Types of RGC: P type, M type, K type, Photosensitive ganglion cell (this is responsible for PLR)
		Retinal ganglion cells are the only projecting neurons of the retina
		RGCs have functional autophagy (Boya, 2017 #863)

Study plan

Objectives	Design	Species	Normal vs disease model	method	note
Correlation with behavioral signs	Cross sectional	Human	GD patients		이미 됨 (2014 Narita)
Tx response			Disease model

Uncertain Spans

location	transcription	uncertainty
Toda 2011 plot	passive-diffusion / active-transport categorical labels	small plot text is not fully transcribed; image asset is the primary evidence.